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Memory Barriers: a Hardware View for Software Hackers

Paul McKenney's paper on why memory barriers exist at all, built from the hardware up. It starts with how a CPU cache is laid out, then how the MESI protocol keeps caches agreeing on the value of each location, then how store buffers and invalidate queues quietly break that agreement in exchange for speed. Once you see those two queues, read and write barriers stop looking arbitrary and start looking like the obvious fix.

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